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John Hodgson

(1937-2018)

Professor in Agronomy at Massey University, 1986 – 2002; Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1998 – 2018, International Statesman of Pasture and Rangeland Science.

John Hodgson

John lost a long battle with Parkinson’s disease in October 2018. He is survived by his wife Ruth (who through her support to John made a large contribution in her own right) and their five children. At Massey University he will be remembered first and foremost by his many PhD and Masters students who appreciated his perspicacity, as evidenced by his uncanny ability to decompose complex research topics into their key research questions, and his rapid return of any written material with hugely insightful comments. However, his outstanding performance in the supervision of his graduate students was only a small part of John’s career contribution. As will be outlined below, his scientific achievements in the UK before accepting his professorship at Massey University earned him a DSc degree from University of Leeds in 1987, and saw him recognised as a go-to person for book chapters targeting international audiences in his field. John’s international recognition in the UK readily transposed to New Zealand, and in his role as Professor at Massey University he displayed science leadership both within New Zealand and beyond, with China and South America among the countries or regions where his ideas and contribution had a profound influence.

Early years and education

John grew up on a mixed-livestock farm near the village of Askrigg in Wensleydale, Yorkshire. His father, Dick Hodgson, was both a farmer and local magistrate. His mother was a teacher of languages before her marriage. John was the eldest of 4 children. The science in his upbringing is revealed by the dedication of his 1990 textbook to his father as the one ‘who used to pose the questions’ that he spent his career answering. John graduated with BSc (1st Class Honours) in Animal Husbandry from the University of Leeds in 1960. While studying at Leeds he met Ruth, a student at a nearby teacher training college. The couple were married in August 1960 after John’s graduation, and John then took up a position as a Scientific Officer at the Grassland Research Institute (GRI), Hurley, where Professor C.S. (later Sir Colin) Spedding had a strong influence on his career development.

The United Kingdom Years

John left the GRI, Hurley, in 1963 to take up a lectureship in Animal Husbandry in the Department of Agriculture at Leeds University. John received his PhD, entitled ‘A study of some factors affecting the solid food intake of calves’, from Leeds University in 1968. Following award of his PhD, John returned to the GRI where he was Principal Scientific Officer (1969–1974), and held positions as Deputy Head, and Head of Grazing Ecology. In this period at Hurley, he took on his first PhD students: Jorge Rodrigues and Jorge Combellas from Venezuela, and Rafael de Lucia, from Uruguay. From 1981 to 1986, he held the position of Head of the Grazing Ecology Department at the Hill Farming Research Institute (HFRI) in Penicuik, Scotland. This latter position allowed John to cement his United Kingdom network of professional contacts while also supervising further international PhD students, among these Julio Arosteguy from Argentina, and John Bircham from New Zealand. With PhD students came travel to their home countries to better understand the context in which they would conduct their professional work. Countries visited between 1970 and 1976 included Peru, Venezuela, Argentina, and Chile. From Penicuik, John also took a year’s sabbatical at then DSIR Grasslands, Palmerston North. These years set the foundation for John’s unique international perspective on grasslands, grazing processes, and grazing behaviour research. Titles of publications from this era (see below) are informative; firstly, for the diversity of topics investigated (ranging from various aspects of calf nutrition, through defoliation frequency of individual tillers in a set stocked sward, to the relationships between herbage mass, animal bite dynamics, and herbage intake and animal performance); secondly, for the identity of co-authors, including among others, J. A. Milne, S. A. Grant and T. J. Maxwell; and thirdly, for the importance of the work, one example being a lead editor role in production of the British Grassland Society ‘Sward Measurement Handbook’ co-edited with R. D. Baker, Alison Davies , J. D. Leaver, and A. S. Laidlaw.  The publications show that John was both informed by colleagues in related disciplines and in exchange caused them to ask relevant questions and become collaborators; few scientists achieve this. John in this stage of his career displayed a penchant for devising mechanistic investigations of the science behind the various components of a grazing system from rumen function, through drivers of herbage selection by animals, to reciprocal impacts of the animals on sward dynamics and sward quality on animal behaviour. His investigations evolved over time in a way that built complexity of system component definition and integration of understanding across system processes. Behind all of that there was the sharpness of mind that would allow him to read a work, grasp its message, and see the key issues, much faster than others.

The Massey University Years

Department Administration

John brought to Massey University strong administration skills developed in his years at the GRI, Hurley, and the HFRI, Penicuik. The Agronomy Department at Massey University, when John arrived in 1986, embraced pasture and crop science, weed science, plant breeding and agricultural machinery and together with Departments of Soil Science, Horticultural Science, Plant Pathology, Animal Science and Farm Management in the Faculty of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences supported the delivery of Bachelor of Agricultural Science and Bachelor of Agriculture degree programmes. John instinctively understood the governance processes at various levels and provided his staff with sound leadership and oversight of their career development. The years of John’s tenure spanned the ‘user pays’ philosophy and the ‘sunset industry’ view of agriculture of successive governments in the 1980s and early 1990s. As a result, John presided over a period of unprecedented organisational repositioning. By the time of his retirement in 2002, former Departments of Agronomy, Horticultural Science, Soil Science, and Farm Management, had merged into the Institute of Natural Resources (INR) within the College of Sciences (which in turn incorporated former Science and Agricultural and Horticultural Science Faculties), supporting delivery of a new degree, the Bachelor of Applied Science, and also providing some BSc courses. As the changes unfolded, John perceived he was faced with a choice between continuing as an active researcher or full-time administration of the larger Institute formed by the merged Departments. He chose to continue as an active researcher, retaining leadership of the Pasture Science Group within INR, actively supporting his graduate students, maintaining his international scholarship (including a notable collaboration with Gilles Lemaire of the French Research organisation I.N.R.A.), and showing future vision by establishing a virtual School for the Environment within the College of Sciences.

Graduate students

There is no doubt John enjoyed the thinking process integral to the support of his graduate students, journeying with them and providing a sounding board for their discoveries and decisions. He understood that successful research needed resources which he would work to provide, and his quick mind provided for insightful feedback, making him a sought-after supervisor. Ruth was active in support of students’ families, including provision of English language classes. There were at least 30 graduate students supervised or co-supervised by John while at Massey, with Iran, China, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Chile among the countries represented. The research topics, as indicated by the publication record below, also covered a wide range demonstrating John’s passion to develop an understanding of grazing systems that embraced detailed knowledge of each of the system components, from dynamics of sward tiller and leaf production, through to drivers of animal intake and performance.

China

John made his first trip to China in 1986, when he was invited by Professor Tingcheng Zhu to Changchun, to participate in the International Symposium on Grassland in Forest Areas held at Northeast Normal University.  From that point John maintained close ties with China, until his last visit there in 1996.

John’s contribution to Chinese grassland science had two main thrusts. The first was the introduction of principles of grassland management and grazing theory from the UK and New Zealand.  This was primarily achieved through a collaboration with Professor Jizhou Ren, head of the Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute (GGERI, Now College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology (CPAST), Lanzhou University). John was introduced to GGERI through Zhibiao Nan, who was studying for his doctoral degree at Massey University at that time.  Together with a Massey colleague, Dr Alex Cheongping Chu, John Hodgson and Professor Ren secured project funding jointly from the United Nations Development Programme and the New Zealand Government, for pasture farming technology transfer from New Zealand to China. The project was based in Guizhou province and ran for 6 years, with a focus on training of Chinese extension staff, both through visits to New Zealand and coursework delivered by Massey University staff in China. Some 20 Chinese staff participated and the resulting development of grassland science in Guizhou was such that the province was regarded in China as showing domestic leadership at that time. A second achievement of note was the establishment of an MOU between Massey University and Beijing Agricultural University (now China Agricultural University). According to the agreement, Massey University was to provide doctoral or postdoctoral places for Beijing Agricultural University staff each year. Through this arrangement, Jingxin Xia and Fuyuan Liu gained their PhDs under John’s supervision at Massey University. In the course of these activities, John visited China many times to participate in academic conferences and give seminars and local project advice, thus making a significant contribution to the development of grassland science in China. Professor Zhibiao Nan, Dean Emeritus of CPAST and successor to Jizhou Ren remarked in providing this account of John’s professional contribution in China, ’Chinese grassland scientists will miss Professor Hodgson forever.’

South America

John’s professional reputation in South America was not an accidental convergence of professional availability and local opportunity. It was built on the recognition by his former students of his professional skills, and the recognition within the various organisations they worked for, that training under John’s guidance had provided a strong foundation. John worked with funding organisations to create mutual benefit to overseas organisations sending students, and to Massey. One of his trade marks was to turn funding for two-year Masters studies into three-year PhD scholarships by arranging for one year of the research to be carried out in the student’s home country as part of their employment. This philosophy created enduring relationships. Such was the respect for John in Latin America, that in 2010, 8 years after his retirement from Massey University, a valedictory conference with a 300-page proceedings and funding support from research providers in South America, was organised in Tandil, Argentina, by his former students, to celebrate his career contribution in the region and internationally.

International Grassland congress

John’s scientific statesmanship at an international level was well demonstrated in his contribution to the International Grassland Congress (IGC) movement. These quadrennial meetings have been a strong attraction for grassland scientists from their inception in the 1920s (with a first congress in Germany in 1927), through to the present day. The 17th International Congress was held in New Zealand and Australia during 1993. This international meeting was 6 years in the making. John chaired the Organising Committee throughout that period and did a splendid job in balancing the views and demands of some very strong-minded individuals. In addition to his stewardship, John’s international reputation and networks were very important in attracting leading grassland and rangeland researchers from around the world to produce key papers and participate in debate and resolutions. This was a very successful Congress with approximately 2000 attendees. John’s level headed and rational approach to discussion and decision-making will be remembered. John remained a member of the IGC Continuing Committee until the 1997 meeting in Canada and played a significant support role for the 2001 IGC in Brazil, and over the following decade. 

Career awards

Professor John Hodgson’s career awards and distinctions included the following: 1981 British Society of Animal Production, Sir John Hammond Memorial Prize for contribution to research on grazing ruminants; 1991 British Grassland Society Award for “outstanding contribution to the understanding and application of grassland and forage crop husbandry and technology”; 1993 Elected Honorary Visiting Professor, Beijing Agricultural University; 1993 Elected International Member of the Board of Management, N. China Grassland Remote Sensing Institute, Hohehote; 1996 Elected Honorary Visiting Professor and Member of Academic Committee Gansu Grassland Ecological Research Institute, Lanzhou, China; from 1993, member, Editorial Advisory Board of Herbage Abstracts; from 1995, member, Editorial Board of Grass and Forage Science; 1998 Elected Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand.

Books and book chapters

Scientific compilations

Testing and improvement of pasture species. Hodgson, J. Chapter 16 In: Morley, F.H.W. Ed. Grazing animals. 1981. Elsevier, Amsterdam.

Sward measurement handbook. Editors: Hodgson, J., Baker, RD., Davies, A., Laidlaw, A.S. and Leaver, J.D. 1981. The British Grassland Society, Reading.

The principles of grazing management. Hodgson, J. In: Fream's Agriculture, 16th Edn. 1983. (Ed.) C.R.W. Spedding. The Royal Agricultural Society of England, pp. 431-449.

The ecology and management of grazing systems. Editors: Hodgson, J., Illius, A.W. 1996. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Grassland ecophysiology and grazing ecology. Editors: Lemaire, G., Hodgson, J., de Moraes, A., Nabinger, C., Carvalho, P.C. de F. 2000 CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Grassland productivity and ecosystem services. Editors: Lemaire, G., Hodgson, J., Chabbi, A. 2011. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Texts targeting students and science application

Grazing management: Science into practice. 1990 Longmans. (Also later published in Chinese and Spanish versions; 1405 citations in Google Scholar as of December 2018.)

New Zealand pasture and crop science. Editors: James White & John Hodgson. 1999. Oxford University Press, Auckland and Melbourne. In this volume, Professor Hodgson co-authored: Chapter 5, Pasture measurement; Chapter 9, Nutrition of grazing animals; and Chapter 10, Livestock farming systems in New Zealand;

Journal and conference publications from the United Kingdom years

  1. Hodgson, J. (1965) The effect of weaning treatment on the development of solid food intake in calves. Animal Production 7: 7-17.
  2. Hodgson, J. (1966) The frequency of defoliation of individual tillers in a set stocked sward. Journal of the British Grassland Society 21: 258-263.
  3. Hodgson, J. and Spedding, C.R.W. (1966) The health and performance of the grazing animal in relation to fertiliser nitrogen usage. 1. Calves. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 67: 155-167.
  4. Hodgson, J. and Wilkinson, J.M. (1967) The relationship between live-weight and herbage intake in grazing cattle. Animal Production 9: 365.
  5. Appleton, M., Hodgson, J. and Hodgson, D.R. (1967) The relationship between stocking rate and animal performance. Animal Production 9: 283. (Abstract).
  6. Hodgson, J. (1968) The effect of the addition of food material to the rumen, or its removal from the rumen, on the voluntary food intake of calves. Animal Production 10: 234 (Abstract).
  7. Hodgson, J. (1968) The relationship between digestibility of a sward and the herbage consumption of grazing calves. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 70: 47-51.
  8. Hodgson, J. and Wilklnson, J.M. (1968) The influence of the quantity of herbage offered and its digestibility on the amount eaten by grazing cattle. Journal of the British Grassland Society 23: 75-80.
  9. Hodgson, J. (1969) The use of sheep fitted with oesophageal fistulae in grazing studies. Journal of the British Grassland Society 24: 325-332.
  10. Hodgson, J. and Ollerenshaw, J.H. (1969) The frequency and severity of defoliation of individual tillers in set-stocked swards. Journal of the British Grassland Society 24: 226-234.
  11. Hodgson, J. (1971) The development of solid food intake in calves. 1. The effect of previous experience of solid food, and the physical form of the diet, on the development of solid food intake after weaning. Animal Production 13: 15-24.
  12. Hodgson, J. (1971) The development of solid food intake by calves. 2. Studies on the volume of rumen fluid, determined by an indirect method. Animal Production 13: 25-36.
  13. Hodgson, J. (1971) The development of solid food intake in calves. 3. The relation
    between solid food intake and the development of the alimentary tract. Animal
     Production 13: 449-460.
  14. Hodgson, J. (1971) The development of solid food intake in calves. 4. The effect of the addition of material to the rumen, or its removal from the rumen, on voluntary food intake. Animal Production 13: 581-592.
  15. Hodgson, J. (1971) The development of solid food intake in calves. 5. The relationship between liquid and solid food intake. Animal Production 13: 593-597
  16. Hodgson, J. and Rodriguez, J.M. (1971) The use of oesophageal fistulates in studies on the herbage intake of grazing animals. Animal Production 13: 377 (Abstract).
  17. Hodgson, J. and Rodgriguez, J.M. (1971) The measurement of herbage intake in grazing studies. Annual Report of the Grassland Research Institute 1970, pp. 132-140.
  18. Hodgson, J. and Rodgriguez, J.M. (1971) The herbage intake of grazing calves. Journal of the British Grassland Society 26: 189 (Abstract).
  19. Hodgson, J., Tayler, J.C. and Lonsdale, C.R. (1971) The relationship between intensity of grazing and the herbage consumption and growth of calves. Journal of the British Grassland Society 26: 231-237.
  20. Hodgson, J., and Tayler, J.C. (1972) The effect of supplementary barley upon growth and efficiency of food conversion in calves kept at a high grazing intensity. Journal of the British Grassland Society 27: 7-12.
  21. Hodgson, J. (1973) The effect of the physical form of the diet on the consumption of
    solid food by calves, and the distribution of food residues in their alimentary tracts.
    Animal Production 17: 129-138.
  22. Hodgson, J. and Cottrell, K.M. (1973) A note on the relationships between the level of solid food intake, the volume of the abdominal organs, and the external body measurements in calves. Animal Production 17: 197-200.
  23. Baker, R.D., Hodgson, J., Treacher, T.T. and Rodriguez, J.M. (1973) A research strategy towards the improvement of grazing managements. Proceedings of the 3rd World Conference Animal Production, Melbourne, 1973, pp. 211-216.
  24. Hodgson, J. (1974). The effect of the grazing animal on herbage quality and utilisation. Proceedings of the 5th General Meeting European Grassland Federation, Uppsala, 1973. Plant Husbandry 28: 74-80.
  25. Hodgson, J, (1974) Priorities for research in utilisation of forages by grazing. Unpublished report prepared for consideration by the Grassland and Forage Crops Committee of the Arable Crops and Forage Board, Joint Consultative Organisation for Research and Development in Agriculture and Food.
  26. Hodgson, J. (1974) Grazing management. The Grassland Research Institute Silver Jubilee Report 1949-1974, pp.116-128.
  27. Jamieson, WS. and Hodgson, J. (1974) The grazing behaviour and herbage intake of Friesian steer calves. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production 3: 91 (Abstract).
  28. Hodgson, J. (1975) The consumption of perennial ryegrass and red clover by grazing lambs. Journal of the British Grassland Society 30: 307-313.
  29. Jamieson, W.5. and Hodgson, J. (1975) The grazing behaviour and herbage intake of different classes of Friesian cattle. Journal of the British Grassland Society 30: 92. (Abstract).
  30. Hodgson, J. (1976) The influence of grazing pressure and stocking rate on herbage intake and animal performance. Proceedings of the 8th Occasional Symposium, British
    Grassland Society, Aberystwyth, 1975, pp. 93-103.
  31. Hodgson, J. (1976) Grazing trial design. IN: Improvement and Utilisation of Grazing Resources in Mediterranean-type Climates. Proceedings of an International Seminar, Badajoz, Spain, 7-13 May 1976. National Institute Agricultural Research (INIA/UNDP FAO), pp. 180-205.
  32. Combellas, J. and Hodgson, J. (1976) The influence of level of milk yield established at the start of the grazing season upon the response of spring-calving dairy cows to variations in herbage allowance. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production 4: 113-114. (Abstract).
  33. Rodriguez, J.M. and Hodgson, J. (1976) The influence of sward characteristics on the herbage intake of young grazing cattle in tropical and temperate climates. Proceedings of the XII International Grassland Congress, Moscow, 1974. Section V, pp. 111-119.
  34. Hodgson, J. (1977) Factors limiting herbage intake by the grazing animal. Proceedings of the International Meeting on Animal Production from Temperate Grassland, Dublin, 1977, (ed. B. Gilsenan) Irish Grassland and Animal Production Association, pp. 70-75.
  35. Hodgson, J., Rodriguez Capriles, J.M. and Fenlon, J.S. (1977) The influence of sward characteristics on the herbage intake of grazing calves. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 89: 743-750.
  36. Jamieson, W.S. and Hodgson, J. (1977) The grazing behaviour and herbage intake of cattle and sheep. Society Veterinary Ethology, Bristol 1975. British Veterinary Journal 133: 95 (Abstract).
  37. Hodgson, J. and Milne, J.A. (1978) The influence of weight of herbage per unit area and per animal upon the grazing behaviour of sheep. European Grassland Federation Conference, Gent, Belgium, June 1978, pp. 4.31-4.38.
  38. Hodgson, J., Peart, J.N., Russel, A.J.F., Whitelaw, A. and Macdonald, A.J. (1978) The influence of plane of nutrition in early lactation on the performance of spring calving suckler cows and their calves. 2. Grazing period. BSAP Winter Meeting 1978. Animal Production 26: 381 (Abstract).
  39. Peart, J.N., Russel, A.J.F., Hodgson, J., Whitelaw, A. and Macdonald, A.J. (1978) The influence of plane of nutrition in early lactation on the performance of spring calving suckler cows and their calves. 1. Winter period. BSAP Winter Meeting 1978. Animal Production 26: 380 (Abstract).
  40. Hodgson, J. (1979) Nomenclature and definitions in grazing studies. Grass and Forage Science 34: 11-18.
  41. Hodgson, J. (1979) Utilisation of grassland for sheep production. In: Management and Diseases of Sheep. British Council, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, pp. 307-323.
  42. Hodgson, J., Armstrong, R.H., Eadie, J., Floate, M.J.S., Grant, Sheila A, Hunter, R.F., Maxwell, T.J., Milne, J.A., Sibbald, A.R. and Vine, D.A (1979) Grazing ecology. Science and Hill Farming. Twenty-five years work at the Hill Farming Research Organisation, 1979: 77-101.
  43. Hodgson, J. and Wade, M.H. (1979) Grazing management and herbage production. Proceedings of the Winter Meeting of the British Grassland Society 1978, pp. 1.1-1.12.
  44. Combellas, J., Baker, RD. and Hodgson, J. (1979) Concentrate supplementation, and herbage intake and milk production of heifers grazing Cenchrus ciliaris. Grass and Forage Science 34: 303-310.
  45. Combellas, J. and Hodgson, J. (1979) Herbage intake and milk production by grazing dairy cows. 1. The effects of variation in herbage mass and daily herbage allowance in a short-term trial. Grass and Forage Science 34: 209-214.
  46. Jamieson, W.S. and Hodgson, J. (1979) The effect of daily herbage allowance and sward characteristics upon the ingestive behaviour and herbage intake of calves under strip-grazing management. Grass and Forage Science 34: 261-271.
  47. Jamieson, W.S. and Hodgson, J. (1979) The effects of variation in sward characteristics upon the ingestive behaviour and herbage intake of calves and lambs under a continuous stocking management. Grass and Forage Science 34: 273-282.
  48. Le Du, Y.L.P., Combellas, J., Hodgson, J. and Baker, R.D. (1979) Herbage intake and milk production of grazing dairy cows. 2. The effects of level of winter feeding and daily herbage allowance. Grass and Forage Science 34: 249-260.
  49. Hodgson, J. and Forbes, T.D.A. (1980) Mixed grazing: herbage growth and grazing efficiency. Proceedings of a Workshop on Mixed Grazing organised by the Agricultural Institute, Ireland, and the Agricultural Institute, Iceland, Galway. 1980 (Eds.) T. Nolan and J. ConnoIly, pp. 81-88.
  50. Hodgson, I., Peart, J.N., Russel, A.I.F., Macdonald, A.I., Begg. M. and Davies, G.J. (1980) The effect of nutrition in late pregnancy and early lactation, and grazing treatment, on the performance of spring-calving suckler cows and their calves. Animal Production 30: 500-501 (Abstract).
  51. Hodgson, J., Peart, J.N., Russel, A.J.F., Whitelaw, A. and Macdonald, A.J. (1980) The influence of nutrition in early lactation on the performance of spring-calving suckler cows and their calves. Animal Production 30: 315-325.
  52. Grant, Sheila A. and Hodgson, J. (1980) Comparative studies of diet composition and herbage intake by sheep and cattle grazing a range of native hill pastures. Proceedings of the 8th General Meeting European Grassland Federation, Zagreb, 1980, pp. 5.39-5.47.
  53. Hodgson, J. (1981) Influence of sward characteristics on diet selection and herbage
    intake by the grazing animal. Proceedings of the International Symposium on
    Nutritional Limits to Animal Production from Pastures, Queensland, 1981. (ed) I.B.
    Hacker. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, pp. 153-166.
  54. Hodgson, J. (1981) Variations in the surface characteristics of the sward and the short-term rate of herbage intake by calves and lambs. Grass and Forage Science 36: 49-57.
  55. Hodgson, J. (1981) Sward studies: objectives and priorities. Chapter 1. In: Sward Measurement Handbook. (Eds) J. Hodgson et al. British Grassland Society, pp. 1-14.
  56. Hodgson, J., Bircham, J.S., Grant, S.A., and King, I. (1981) The influence of cutting and grazing management on herbage growth and utilisation. In: Plant Physiology and Herbage Production. (Ed) CE. Wright. British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No. 13: 51-62.
  57. Hodgson, J. and Grant, Sheila A. (1981) Grazing Animals and forage resources in the hills and uplands. Proceedings of the British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No. 12.(Ed) J. Frame, pp. 41-57.
  58. Hodgson, J. and Jamieson, W.S. (1981) Variations in herbage mass and digestibility, and the grazing behaviour and herbage intake of adult cattle and weaned calves. Grass and Forage Science 36: 39-48.
  59. Hodgson, J., Peart, J.N., Russel, A.J.F., Begg, M. and Davies, G.J. (1981) Factors influencing milk yield and calf performance before and after turnout in spring-calving suckler cows. Animal Production 32: 392 (Abstract).
  60. Armstrong, R.H, Forbes, T.D.A., Suckling, D.E., Grant, Sheila A. and Hodgson, J. (1981) Diet selection and herbage intake by cattle and sheep grazing indigenous hill plant communities. Proceedings of the British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No. 12. (Ed.) J. Frame, p. 169 (Abstract).
  61. Chambers, A.R.M., Hodgson, J. and Milne, J.A. (1981) The development and use of equipment for the automatic recording of ingestive behaviour in sheep and cattle. Grass and Forage Science 36: 97-105.
  62. Hodgson, J. (1982) Ingestive behaviour. In: Herbage Intake Handbook. (Ed.) J.D. Leaver. British Grassland Society, pp. 113-118.
  63. Hodgson, J. and Maxwell, T.J. (1982) Grazing research and grazing management. HFRO Biennial Report 1979-1981, pp. 169-187.
  64. Arosteguy, J.C., Hodgson, J., Souter, W.G. and Barthram, G.T. (1982) Herbage growth and utilisation on swards grazed by cattle and sheep. Proceedings of the British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No. 14,Reading, September 1982, pp. 155-158.
  65. Grant, Sheila A., King, J., Hodgson, J. and Bircham, J.S. (1982) The efficiency of herbage utilisation in grazed swards. Proceedings of the 9th General Meeting of the European Grassland Federation. Occasional Symposium No. 14, British Grassland Society,p. 308.
  66. Milne, J.A., Hodgson, J., Spence, Angela M. and Baldwin, B.A. (1982) Effect of ablation of the olfactory bulbs on the diet ingested by grazing sheep. Applied Animal Ethology 8: 261-268.
  67. Milne, J.A., Hodgson, J., Thompson, R., Souter, W.G. and Barthram, G.T. (1982) The diet ingested by sheep grazing swards differing in white clover and perennial ryegrass content.Grass and Forage Science 37: 209-218.
  68. Hodgson, J. (1983) Relationship between pasture structure and utilisation of tropical forage plants. Proceedings of CIAT Workshop, Cali, Colombia, September 1982, pp. 33-48.
  69. Hodgson, J., Souter, W.G., Davies, G.J. and Jones, S. (1983) Diet composition and herbage intake in sheep grazing mixed grass/clover swards. Proceedings British
    Grassland Society Winter Meeting, London, December 1982. Grass and Forage Science
    38: 151-152. (Abstract).
  70. Bircham, J.S. and Hodgson, J. (1983) The dynamics of herbage growth and senescence in a mixed-species temperate sward continuously grazed by sheep. Proceedings of the 14thInternational Grassland Congress,Lexington, USA, June 1981. (Eds.) J.A. Smith and V.W. Hays, Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado, pp. 601-603.
  71. Bircham, J.S. and Hodgson, J. (1983) The influence of sward condition on rates of herbage growth and senescence in mixed swards under continuous stocking management. Grass and Forage Science 38: 323-331.
  72. Smith, H.K. and Hodgson, J. (1984) A note on the effect of recording frequency on the estimation of grazing time of cattle and sheep. Applied Animal Ethology 11: 229-236.
  73. Hodgson, J. (1984) Sward conditions, herbage allowance and animal production: an evaluation of research results. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 44: 99-104.
  74. Hodgson, J. and Maxwell, T.J. (1984) Grazing studies for grassland sheep systems at the Hill Farming Research Organisation, UK. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 45: 184-189.
  75. Bircham, J.S. and Hodgson, J. (1984) The effects of change in herbage mass on rates of herbage growth and senescence in mixed swards. Grass and Forage Science 39: 111-115.
  76. Wright, L.A., Hodgson, J. and Russel, A.J.F. (1984) The performance of beef cows and their calves at pasture. EEC Seminar "Beef Production from Grass", (Ed. W. Holmes), Wye College, 25-27 July 1983, pp. 44-47.
  77. Hodgson, J. (1985) The control of herbage intake in the grazing ruminant. Nutrition Society Meeting, Edinburgh, September 1984. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 44: 339-346.
  78. Hodgson, J. (1985) The significance of sward characteristics in the management of
    temperate sown pastures. Proceedings of the 15th International Grassland Congress,
    Japan. Pp. 63-66.
  79. Hodgson, J. (1985) Grazing and its influence on hill vegetation. In: Vegetation               Management in Northern Britain. Proceedings of a BCPCjCOSAC Symposium, Peebles, March, 1985. British Crop Protection Council Monograph No 30: 21-31.
  80. Hodgson, J., Arosteguy, J.C. and Forbes, T.D.A. (1985) Mixed grazing by sheep
    and cattle: effects on herbage production and utilization. Proceedings of the 15th
    International Grassland Congress, Japan. Pp. 1108-1110.
  81. Hodgson, J. and Eadie, J. (1985) Vegetation resources and animal nutrition in hill        areas: agricultural and environmental implications.  In: O'Toole, M. (Ed.) Proceedings of a Hill Land Symposium, Galway, October 1984. Pp. 118-133.
  82. Hodgson, J. and Grant, S.A (1985) The grazing ecology of hill and upland swards. In: T.J. Maxwell and R.C. Gunn (Eds.) Hill and Upland Livestock Production. British Society of Animal Production Occasional Publication No 10: 77-84.
  83. Burlison, A.J. and Hodgson, J. (1985) The influence of sward structure on the mechanics of the grazing process in sheep. Proceedings of the 85th Meeting of the British Society of Animal Production, 1985. Animal Production 40: 530-531 (Abstract).
  84. Forbes, T.D.A. and Hodgson, J. (1985) Comparative studies of the influence of sward conditions on the ingestive behaviour of cows and sheep. Grass and Forage Science 40: 69-77.
  85. Forbes, T.D.A. and Hodgson, J. (1985) The reactions of grazing sheep and cattle to the presence of dung from the same or the opposite species. Grass and Forage Science 40: 177-182.
  86. Grant, S.A., Suckling, D.E., Smith, H.K., Torvell, L., Forbes, T.D.A. and Hodgson, J. (1985) Comparative studies of diet selection by sheep and cattle: the hill grasslands. Journal of Ecology 73: 987-1004.
  87. Hodgson, J. (1986) Grazing behaviour and herbage intake. In: Grazing (Ed. J. Frame). British Grassland Society Occasional Symposium No 19. Pp. 51-64.
  88. Hodgson, J., Grant, S.A. and Armstrong, R.H. (1986) Grazing ecology and the management of hill vegetation. The Hill Farming Research Organisation Biennial Report 1984-85. Pp. 101-108.
  89. Hodgson, J., Mackie, C.K. and Parker, J.W.G. (1986) Sward surface heights for efficient grazing. Grass Farmer 24: 5-10.
  90. Armstrong, R.H. and Hodgson, J. (1986) Grazing behaviour and herbage intake in cattle and sheep grazing indigenous hill plant communities. In: Gudmundsson, O. (Ed.) Grazing Research at Northern Latitudes. Plenum, London. Pp. 211-218.
  91. Clark, D.A. and Hodgson, J. (1986) Discrimination by sheep between swards of differing white clover content. Animal Production 42: 456 (Abstract).
  92. Grant, S.A. and Hodgson, J. (1986) Grazing effects on species balance and herbage production in indigenous plant communities. In: Gudmundsson, O. (editor) Grazing Research at Northern Latitudes. Plenum, London. Pp. 69-77.
  93. Armstrong, R.H., Grant, S.A. and Hodgson, J. (1987) Grazing choices and hill management. In: PolIott, C.G. (Ed.) Efficient Sheep Production from Grass. British Grassland Society Occasional Publication No 21: 175-178.
  94. Grant, S.A., Torvell, L., Smith, H.K., Suckling, D.G., Forbes, T.D.A. and Hodgson, J. (1987) Comparative studies of diet selection by sheep and cattle: blanket bog and heather moor. Journal of Ecology, 75: 947-960.
  95. Maxwell, T.J., Eadie, J. and Hodgson, J. (1987) Land use in the hills and
    uplands: the work of the Hill Farming Research Organisation. In: Bell, M. and Bunce,
    RG.M. (editors). Agriculture and Conservation in the Hills and Uplands. Institute of
    Terrestrial Ecology. Pp 56-61.
  96. Common, T.G., Hunter, E.A, Floate, M.J.S., Eadie, J. and Hodgson, J. (1990) The long-term effects of a range of pasture treatments applied to three semi-natural hill grassland communities. 1. Pasture production and botanical composition. Grass and
    Forage Science 46: 239-251.
  97. Common, T.G., Hunter, E.A, Floate, M.J.S., Eadie, J. and Hodgson, J. (1990) The long-term effects of a range of pasture treatments applied to three semi-natural hill grassland communities. 2. Animal performance. Grass and Forage Science 46: 253-263.
  98. Hodgson, J., Forbes, T.D.A., Armstrong, R.H., Beattie, M.M. and Hunter, E.A (1991) Comparative studies of the ingestive behaviour and herbage intake of sheep and cattle grazing hill plant communities. Journal of Ecology 28: 205-227.
  99. Illius, A.W., Clark, D.A. and Hodgson, J. (1992) Discrimination and patch choice by sheep grazing grass-clover swards. Journal of Animal Ecology 61: 183-194.
  100. Morton, J.D., Bolton, C.R. and Hodgson, J. (1992) The comparative performance of Holcus lanatus and Lalium perenne under sheep grazing in the Scottish uplands. Grass and Forage Science 47: 143-152.  

Journal and conference publications from the Massey University years

  1. Hodgson, J. (1987) The management of grassland resources in forest zones: experience in the UK and New Zealand. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland in Forest Areas, Harbin, China, September 1987. Pp. 70-76.
  2. Hodgson, J. (1988) Production ecology and management of grazing systems. Proceedings of the Second National Congress of Academic Discussion on Grassland Ecology, Weining, China, September 1988.
  3. Sheath, G.W. and Hodgson, J. (1988) Plant-animal factors influencing legume persistence. In: Marten, G.C. et al. (Eds.) Persistence of Forage Legumes. Proceedings of a Trilateral Workshop, Honolulu, July 1988. American Society of Agronomy. Pp. 361-385.
  4. Hodgson, J. (1989) Management of grazing systems. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association,51: 117-122.
  5. Hodgson, J., Clark, D.A. and Wewala, S. (1989) The influence of physical and biochemical characteristics upon the selection of white clover by grazing sheep. Proceedings of the 16th International Grassland Congress, Nice: 1049-1050.
  6. Hodgson, J. and Grant, S.A. (1989) Plant responses to defoliation. In: Rose, M. (Ed.) Herbivore Nutrition Research. Research papers presented at the 2nd International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores, Brisbane, 1987. Pp. 1-2.
  7. Ataja, A.M., Wilson, P.R, Purchas, R.W., Hodgson, J., Barry, T.N., Hay, R.J.M. (1989) A study of early venison production from grazing deer. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 49: 25-27.
  8. Matthew, C., Xia, J.X., Hodgson, J. and Chu, A.C.P. (1989) Effects of late spring grazing management on tiller dynamics and autumn pasture growth rates in a perennial ryegrass sward. Proceedings of the 16th International Grassland Congress, Nice, pp. 521-522.
  9. Hodgson, J. (1990) Plants for grazing systems. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 50: 24-29.
  10. Ataja, A.M., Wilson, P.R., Hodgson, J., Hoskinson, R.M., Purchas, R.W., Varela-Alverez, H. and Barry, T.N. (1990) Responses in venison production to grazing pastures based upon perennial ryegrass or annual rye grass and to immunisation against melatonin. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 50: 279-286.
  11. Xia, J.X. Hodgson, J., Matthew, C. and Chu, A.C.P. (1990) Tiller population and tissue turnover in a perennial rye grass pasture under hard and lax spring and summer grazing. Proceedings of New Zealand Grassland Association 51: 119-122.
  12. Burlison, A.J., Hodgson, J., Illius, A.W. (1991) Sward canopy structure and the bite dimensions and bite weight of grazing sheep. Grass and Forage Science 46: 29-38.
  13. Matthew, C., Chu, A.C.P., Hodgson, J. and Mackay, A.D. (1991) Early summer pasture control: what suits the plant? Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 53: 73-77.
  14. Matthew, C, Xia, J.X., Chu, A.C.P., Mackay, A.D. and Hodgson, J. (1991) Relationship between root production and tiller appearance rates in perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne L.). In Atkinson D. (Ed.) Root growth, an ecological perspective. British Ecological Society Occasional Symposium No 10: Pp. 281-290.
  15. Mitchell, R.J., Hodgson, J., and Clark, D.A. (1991) The effect of varying leafy sward height and bulk density on the ingestive behaviour of young deer and sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 51: 159-165.
  16. Niezen, J.H., Barry, T.N., Hodgson, J., Holmes, C.W., and Wilson, P.R. (1991)
    Growth rates of red deer fawns and hinds grazing red clover and ryegrass/white clover
    forages. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 51: 185-187.
  17. Hughes, T.P., Sykes, A.R., Poppi, D.P. and Hodgson, J. (1991) The influence of sward structure on peak bite force and bite weight in sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 51: 153-158.
  18. Hodgson, J. (1992) The principles of Grazing Management. In: Spedding, C.R.W. (Ed.) Fream's Principles of Food and Agriculture, 17th Edition. Blackwell, London pp. 193-203.
  19. Hodgson, J., Matthew, C., Butler, B.M., and Crush, J.R. (1992) Effects of global warming on feed supplies in pastoral livestock systems. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 52 Supplement: 25-38.
  20. Ataja, A.M., Wilson, P.R., Barry, T.N., Hodgson, J., Hoskinson, R.M., Parker, W.J., and Purchas, R.W. (1992) Early venison production from red deer as affected by grazing perennial or annual rye grass pastures, pasture surface height and immunisation against melatonin. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 118: 353-370.
  21. Ataja, A.M., Wilson,·P.R., Hodgson, J., Hoskinson, R.M., Purchas, R.W., Varela- Alverez, H., and Barry, T.N. (1992) Venison production from grazing young red deer stags: effects of pasture type and immunisation against melatonin. In: The Biology of Deer, R.D. Brown (Ed.) New York, Springer-Verlag. pp. 203-210.
  22. Semiadi, G., Barry, T.N., Wilson, P.R., Hodgson, J., and Purchas, R.W. (1992) Growth and venison production from red deer grazing either pure red clover or perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 52: 81-84.
  23. Barry, T.N., Niezen, J.H., Semiadi, G., Hodgson, J., Wilson, P.R and Ataja, A.M. (1993) Development of specialist forage systems for deer production. Proceedings of the 17th International Grassland Congress: 1501-1502.
  24. Butler, B.M. and Hodgson, J. (1993) The effect of management on leaf growth and senescence of three contrasting grass species. Proceedings of the 17th International
    Grassland Congress: 147-149.
  25. Da Silva, S.C., Matthew, C., Matthews, P.N.P., and Hodgson, J. (1993) The influence of spring grazing management on production in dairy pasture. Proceedings of the 17th International Grassland Congress:  859-860.
  26. Gong, Y., Hodgson, J., Lambert, M.G., Chu, A.C.P. and Gordon, I.L. (1993) Comparison of response patterns of bite weight and bite dimensions between sheep and goats grazing a range of contrasting herbages. Proceedings of the 17th International Grassland Congress:  726-728.
  27. Mirhosseini-Dehabadi, S.R., Kemp, P.D., Barker, D.J. and Hodgson, J. (1993) Adaptation of sainfoin cultivars and lucerne to water stress. Proceedings of the 17th
    International Grassland Congress: 158-159.
  28. Mitchell, R.J., Hodgson, J. and Clark, D.A. (1993) The independent effects of sward height and bulk density on the bite parameters of Romney ewes and red deer hinds. Proceedings of the 17th International Grassland Congress: 704-706.
  29. Tavakoli, H., Hodgson, J. and Kemp, P.D. (1993) Response to defoliation of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Proceedings of the 17th International Grassland Congress: 155-156.
  30. Xia, J.X., Hodgson, J., Chu, A.C.P., Wang, P., and Liu, F.Y. (1993) The effects of cutting management on herbage production and tiller population in smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss). Proceedings of the 17th International Grassland Congress: 151-152.
  31. Niezen, J.H., Barry, T.N., Hodgson, J., Wilson, P.R., Ataja, A.M., Parker, W.J. and Holmes, C.W. (1993) Growth responses in red deer calves and hinds grazing red clover, chicory or perennial ryegrass/white clover swards during lactation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 121: 255-263.
  32. Semiadi, G., Barry, T.N., Wilson, P.R., Hodgson, J. and Purchas, R.W. (1993) Growth and venison production from red deer (Cervus elaphus) grazing red clover (Trifolium pratense) or perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)/white clover (Trifolium repens) pasture. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 121: 265-271.
  33. Semiadi, G., Muir, P.D., Barry, T.N., Veltman, C. and Hodgson, J. (1993) Grazing patterns of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in captivity. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 36: 253-260.
  34. Hodgson, J., Clark, D.A. and Mitchell, R.J. (1993) Foraging behaviour in grazing animals, and its impact on plant communities. Proceedings of a National Conference on Forage Quality, Evaluation and Utilization, Lincoln, Nebraska, April 1994, p.p 796-827.
  35. Mirhosseini-Dehabadi, S.R., Kemp, P.D., Barker, D.J. and Hodgson, J. (1993) A comparison of sainfoin cultivars and lucerne, with an emphasis on sainfoin responses to water stress. Proceedings of the Agronomy Society of New Zealand 23: 63-67.
  36. Montossi, F., Hu, Y., Hodgson, J. and Morris, S.T. (1994) Herbage intake, ingestive behaviour and diet selection in sheep grazing Holcus lanatus and perennial ryegrass swards. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 54: 71-74.
  37. Da Silva, S.C., Hodgson, J., Matthews, P.N.P., Matthew, C. and Holmes, C.W. (1994) Effect of contrasting spring grazing management on summer-autumn pasture and milk production of mixed rye grass-clover dairy swards. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 54: 79-82.
  38. Hernandez-Garay, A., Hodgson, J. and Matthew, C. (1994) Spring grazing management and tiller dynamics in a ryegrass/white clover pasture. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 55: 133-136.
  39. Niezen, J.H., Charleston, W.A.G., Hodgson, J. and WAGHORN, G.C. (1994)Effect of four grass species on lamb parasitism and growth. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 55: 203-206.
  40. Zhu, J.Y., Valentine, I.: and Hodgson, J. (1994) Response of southern North Island hill pasture to nitrogen, molybdenum and lime. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 55: 63-66.
  41. Li, G.D., Kemp, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1994) Persistence of chicory. Proceedings of the 1994 Massey Deer Farmers' Conference: 56-59.
  42. Li, G.D, Kemp, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1994) Control of reproductive growth in Puna chicory by grazing management. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 56: 213-217.
  43. Sharp, P., Knight, T.W. and Hodgson, J. (1995) Grazing behaviour of alpaca and sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 55: 183-185.
  44. Iason, G.R., Hodgson, J. and Barry, T.N. (1995) Variation in condensed tannin concentration of a temperate grass (Holcus lanatus) in relation to season and reproductive development. Journal of Chemical Ecology 21: 1103-1112.
  45. Matthew, C., Hodgson, J., Matthews, P.N.P. and Bluett, S.J. (1995) Growth of pasture - principles and their application. Massey Dairyfarming Annual 47: 122-127.
  46. Semiadi, G., Barry, T.N., Muir, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1995) Dietary preferences of sambar (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) offered browse, forage legume and grass species. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 125: 99-107.
  47. Real, D. and Hodgson, J. (1995) Importance of the inclusion of the grazing animal in forage breeding: A review. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Facultative and Double Purpose Wheats, INIA La Estanzuela, Uruguay. Pp. 125-145.
  48. Hodgson, J. (1995) Priorities in grazing management. Revista Argentina de Producción Animal. 15(Supl.1): 139-149.
  49. Praat, J-P., Ritchie, W.R., Baker, C.J. and Hodgson, J. (1996) Target populations for direct-drilled ryegrass and tall fescue. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 57: 77-81.
  50. Matthew, C, Hernandez-Garay, A. and Hodgson, J. (1996) Making sense of the link between tiller density and pasture production. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 57: 83-87.
  51. Hodgson, J., Niezen, J.H., Montossi, F., Liu, F. and Butler, B.M. (1996) Comparative studies on pasture and animal performance and parasite infestation in sheep grazing Yorkshire fog, perennial rye grass and tall fescue pastures. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 57: 89-93.
  52. Hodgson, J. (1996) Limitations to milk production from pasture. Proceedings of the 8th Latin American Buiatrics Congress: 75-87.
  53. Griffiths, W.M., Hodgson, J., Holmes, C.W. and Arnold, G.C. (1996) The use of a novel approach to determine the influence of sward characteristics on the discriminatory'grazing behaviour of dairy cows. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 56: 122-124.
  54. Montossi, F., Hodgson, J., Morris, S.T. and Risso, D.F. (1996) Effects of condensed tannins on animal performance in lambs grazing Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) dominant swards. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 56: 118-121.
  55. Gong, Y., Hodgson, J., Lambert, M.G. and Gordon, I.L. (1996) Short-term ingestive behaviour of sheep and goats grazing grasses and legumes. 1. Comparison of bite weight, bite rate, and bite dimensions for forages at two stages of maturity. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Science 39: 63-73.
  56. Gong, Y., Lambert, M.G. and Hodgson, J. (1996) Effects of contrasting sward heights within forage species on short-term ingestive behaviour of sheep and goats grazing grasses and legumes. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Science 39: 83-93.
  57. Li, G.D., Kemp, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1996) Regrowth, morphology and persistence of Grasslands Puna chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) in response to grazing frequency and intensity. Grass and Forage Science 52: 33-41.
  58. Hyslop, M.G., Kemp, P.D., Barker, D.J. and Hodgson, J. (1996) Incidence of nodal rooting and plantlet survival in spreading red clovers. Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 58: 243-246.
  59. Li. G.D., Kemp, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Herbage production and persistence of Puna chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) under grazing management over 4 years. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40: 51-56.
  60. Hernandez-Garay, A, Hodgson, J. and Matthew, C. (1997) Effect of spring grazing management on perennial ryegrass and ryegrass-white clover pastures. 1. Tissue turnover and herbage accumulation. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40: 25-35.
  61. Hernandez-Garay, A., Matthew, C. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Effect of spring grazing management on perennial rye grass and rye grass-white clover pastures. 2. Tiller and growing point densities and population dynamics. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40: 37-50.
  62. Hodgson, J., Cosgrove, G.P. and Woodward, S.J.R. (1997) Research on foraging behaviour: progress and priorities. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 5-109 - 5-118.
  63. Chu, A.C.P., Matthews, P.N.P. and Hodgson, J. (1997) An interactive approach to technology transfer in a development project - a case study. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 24-45 - 24-46.
  64. Hodgson, J., Anderson, R.D. and Kirkman, J.H. (1997) A new degree for land based industries at Massey University, New Zealand. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 24-3 - 24-4.
  65. Gong, Y.M., Hodgson, J. and Lambert, M.G. (1997) Ingestive behaviour of fistulated and intact sheep grazing grasses and legumes indoors and outdoors. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada:29-147 - 29-148.
  66. Griffiths, W.M., Hodgson, J., Arnold, G.C. and Holmes, C.W. (1997) Influence of vegetation patch characteristics on discriminatory grazing by dairy cows. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada:5-1 - 5-2.
  67. Hernandez Garay, A., Hodgson, J. and Matthew, C. (1997) Sward structure changes and production increases following lax spring grazing management. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 22-7 - 22-8.
  68. Matthews P.N.P., Hodgson J., Chu A.C.P., Jiang W.I. and Luo C.B. (1997) Dairy production from pasture in Southern China. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 29-145 - 29-146.
  69. Jiang, W.I., Matthews, P.N.P., Luo, C.B., Ren, J.Z., Hodgson, J. and Chu, A.C.P. (1997) Night penning as a management technique for both pasture development and pasture improvement for small holders in Southern China. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 24-41 - 24-42.
  70. Montossi, F., Liu, F., Hodgson, J., Morris, S.T., Barry, T.N. and Risso, D.F. (1997) Influence of low-level condensed tannin concentrations in temperate forages on sheep performance. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 8-1 - 8-2.
  71. Niezen, J.N. Charleston, W.A.G., Hodgson, J., Miller, C.M. and Robertson, H.A. (1997) Effect of plant species on the development and vertical migration of larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes which parasitise sheep. Proceedings of the 18thInternational Grassland Congress, Canada: 11-21 - 11-22.
  72. Poli, C.H.E.C, Hodgson, J., Cosgrove, G.P. and Arnold, G.C (1997) Partial preference of grazing cattle for contrasting legume swards. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 5-5 - 5-6.
  73. Real, D., Gordon, I.L. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Assessment of grazing procedures in the evaluation of plant breeding material. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 4-81 - 4-82.
  74. Nie, Z., Valentine, I., Barker, D.J. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Impact of a pastoral fallow on the morphology and growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L) in a New Zealand hill pasture. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 22-109 - 22-110.
  75. Li, G.D., Kemp, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Effect of defoliation intensity on the absolute and relative growth rates of 'Grasslands Puna' chicory. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 16-17 - 16-18.
  76. Jiang, W.L., Matthews, P.N.P., Luo, C.B., Ren, J.Z., Hodgson, J. and Chu, A.C.P. (1997) Night penning as a management technique for both pasture development and pasture improvement for small holders in Southern China. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 24-41 - 24-42.
  77. Poli, CH.E.C, Hodgson, J., Cosgrove, G.P. and Arnold, G.C. (1997) Partial preference of grazing cattle for contrasting legume swards. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 5-5 - 5-6.
  78. Real, D., Gordon, I.L. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Assessment of grazing procedures in the evaluation of plant breeding material. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 4-81 - 4.82.
  79. Nie, Z., Valentine, I., Barker, D.J. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Impact of a pastoral fallow on the morphology and growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in a New Zealand hill pastures. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 22-109 - 22-110.
  80. Li, G.D., Kemp, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Effect of defoliation intensity on the absolute and relative growth rates of 'Grasslands Puna' chicory. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 16-17 -16-18.
  81. Chu, A.C.P., Matthews, P.N.P. and Hodgson, J. (1997) An interactive approach to technology transfer in a development project - a case study. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 24-45 - 24-46.
  82. Gong, Y.M., Hodgson, J. and Lambert, M.G. (1997) Ingestive behavior of fistulated and intact sheep grazing grasses and legumes indoors and outdoors. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 29-147 - 29-148.
  83. Matthews P.N.P., Hodgson J., Chu A.CP., Jiang W.L. and Luo C.B. (1997) Dairy production from pasture in Southern China. Proceedings of the 18th International Grassland Congress, Canada: 29-145 - 29-146.
  84. Hodgson, J. (1997) Sustainability in pastoral systems: New Zealand experience. Third Sir George Stapled on Memorial Lecture. Proceedings of the Fifth British Grassland Society Research Conference, September 1997. Pp. 1-16.
  85. Xia, J.X., Hodgson, J., Matthew, C. and Zhu, C.P. (1995) Effect of grazing intensity on pasture structure and tissue turnover in a perennial ryegrass pasture ecosystem. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 6: 23-28.
  86. Xia, J.X., Hodgson, J., Matthew, C. and Chu, A.C.P. (1994) The effects of grazing management on tissue turnover and pasture production in a perennial ryegrass pasture. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Grassland Resources, Hohhot, People's Republic of China: Pp. 929-936.
  87. Nie, Z., Mackay, A.D., Barker, D.J, Valentine, I. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Changes in plant population density, composition and sward structure of a hill pasture during a pastoral fallow. Grass and Forage Science 52: 190-198.
  88. Li, G.D., Kemp, P.D. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Herbage production and persistence of Puna chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) under grazing management over 4 years. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40: 51-56.
  89. Hernandez Garay, A., Hodgson, J. and Matthew, C. (1997) Effect of spring grazing management on perennial rye grass and rye grass-white clover pastures. 1. Tissue turnover and herbage accumulation. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40: 25-35.
  90. Hernandez Garay, A., Matthew, C. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Effect of spring grazing management on perennial ryegrass and ryegrass-white clover pastures. 2. Tiller and growing point densities and population dynamics. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 40: 37-50.
  91. Hodgson, J. (1997) Sustainability in pastoral systems: New Zealand experience. Third Sir George Stapledon Memorial Lecture. Proceedings of the Fifth British Grassland Society Research Conference, September 1997. Pp. 1-16.
  92. Nie, Z., Valentine, I., Mackay, A.D., Barker, D.J. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Long-term effects of pastoral fallowing on the distribution and performance of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) in a hill country pasture. Agronomy Society of New Zealand Special Publication No. 11/Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 6: 75-78.
  93. Nie, Z., Mackay, A.D., Barker, D.J., Valentine, I. and Hodgson, J. (1997) Changes in plant population density, composition and sward structure of a hill pasture during a pastoral fallow. Grass and Forage Science 52: 190-198.
  94. Liu, F.Y., Hodgson, J., and Barry, T.N. (1997). Comparative studies of herbage intake and performance of lambs grazing Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) pastures in winter. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 40: 463-474.
  95. Liu, F.Y., Hodgson, J., and Barry, T.N. (1997). Comparative studies of herbage intake and performance of lambs grazing Yorkshire fog (Holcus lanatus) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) pastures under rotational management in summer. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 40: 475-487.
  96. Montossi, F., Hodgson, J., and Morris, S.T. (1997). Herbage intake, ingestive behaviour and diet selection, and effects of condensed tannins upon body and wool growth in lambs grazing Lolium perenne and Holcus lanatus swards in summer. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 40: 449-461.
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Compiled by: Cory Matthew, Zhibiao Nan, and Gavin Sheath, with thanks to many who assisted.