2024 New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship - Guidelines for panellists

2024 New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship

Guidelines for panellists | Ngā aratohu mā te rōpū whiriwhiri

Background to the Tāwhia te Mana Research Fellowships | He whakamārama mō Tāwhia te Mana

The Aotearoa New Zealand Tāwhia te Mana Research Fellowships are administered by Royal Society Te Apārangi on behalf of the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (the Ministry).

The Fellowships will support researchers at different career stages to produce excellent and impactful research and to develop into leaders in their fields, their respective host organisations and across the whole of the Aotearoa New Zealand science, innovation and technology (SI&T) system. It is expected that Fellows, throughout their careers, will contribute to positive outcomes for Aotearoa New Zealand embedding Te Tiriti o Waitangi in their work and their community.

Receipt of an Aotearoa New Zealand Tāwhia te Mana Research Fellowship is expected to have significant value for the future career development and leadership potential of a researcher.

The Māori terms in the fellowship names reference the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment’s values, which includes Tāwhia tō Mana (building and retaining your reputation) as part of enabling the aspiration to “Hīkina Whakatutuki - Grow Aotearoa New Zealand for all”. Tāwhia te Mana Fellowships contribute to building excellence in the SI&T sector.

The Aotearoa New Zealand Tāwhia te Mana Research Fellowships consist of three schemes, targeted at early, mid- and established career researchers respectively. The three schemes are:

• New Zealand Mana Tūāpapa Future Leader Fellowship
• New Zealand Mana Tūānuku Research Leader Fellowship
• New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship (discussed in these guidelines).

The schemes target excellent candidates at three career stages: early-career researchers/future leaders building the foundations of their career (mana tūāpapa); mid-career researchers, further establishing themselves as research leaders (mana tūānuku); and distinguished researchers with expansive career success and a prominent international reputation (mana tūārangi).

New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowships | Mana Tūārangi

The panellist guidelines below provide panellists with information on the selection of New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship recipients. The fellowship targets distinguished researchers with expansive career success and a prominent international reputation (mana tūārangi)

Objectives | Ngā whāinga

The New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship will support researchers with expansive and international reputations to make contributions that will extend beyond their own career span.

All Aotearoa New Zealand Tāwhia te Mana Research Fellowships include the overriding objective to develop the future leaders of the Aotearoa New Zealand science, innovation and technology system (SI&T). The Fellowships will:

• improve the retention of talented, future research leaders within the SI&T system, both during the fellowship and in their post-fellowship careers, through development of a strong track record
• support career development, to empower Fellows to become leaders in their fields, their organisations and across the SI&T system
• improve equity and diversity within the SI&T system, in particular by creating opportunities for Māori, Pacific peoples and women who are excellent leaders and future leaders of research
• reward and support a range of boundary-pushing research activities, including those that focus on generating impact from research.

Description | Whakamāramatanga

Two New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowships of between one and two years of length will be awarded annually.

The total value of the Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship is $220,000. The funding is able to be used over a period of between one and two years, as indicated by the applicant at the time of application. Up to $100,000 per year can be taken as a contribution to the researcher’s salary, with the remaining amount to be used for research related expenses to deliver the research and benefit to the Aotearoa New Zealand SI&T system outlined in the application.

This study or research may be undertaken in a location and organisation in Aotearoa New Zealand or overseas, as agreed by the Fellow and the host organisation at the time of application.

Eligibility | Ngā paearu āheitanga

Royal Society Te Apārangi checks the eligibility of all applications prior to forwarding these to panellists. All applications forwarded for review fulfil the eligibility requirements.

Additional requirement

In accordance with the Russia Sanctions Act 2022, the applicant and their research must not benefit a Russian state institution (including but not limited to support for Russian military or security activity) or an organisation outside government that may be perceived as contributing to the war effort.

Research categories | Ngā wāhanga o ngā rangahau

Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowships are available from time to time in each of the following categories:

• Biological and Health Sciences
• Physical and Engineering sciences and Mathematics
• Social Sciences and Humanities
• Transdisciplinary Research.

These categories and the descriptions following each, should be read to be inclusive rather than exclusive. The intention is for the four categories to cover all areas of research, including research with a focus on indigenous knowledge and approaches.

In the 2024 round, Royal Society Te Apārangi is offering Fellowships for:

• Physical and Engineering sciences and Mathematics.

Assessment Process (in brief) | Tukanga aromatawai (whakarāpopoto)

Royal Society Te Apārangi will establish an assessment panel, chaired by the President of the Royal Society Te Apārangi, or their nominee. The panellists will cover a wide range of expertise relevant for the research category in a given year. The panel will provide recommendations on the relative merit of the proposals and recommend two applicants for funding each year.

Assessment of proposals | Te aromatawai i ngā tono

Criteria

Applications for the Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship must be assessed on the following criteria:

• research quality (excellence in research)
• leadership quality (calibre of the applicant as a research leader, which may include their vision for their field of work, team leadership, knowledge transfer activity, entrepreneurial activity and how they will embed Te Tiriti o Waitangi in their research community)
• benefit to the wider New Zealand SI&T system (strengthening international or domestic research connections, mentoring and training of early career researchers and research students).

When assessing applications, panellists should apply the above criteria holistically to both the applicant’s previous achievements and to the proposed project by scoring the application on the two questions below:

• To what extent does the applicant’s research career demonstrate excellence in research, leadership, and benefits to the wider New Zealand SI&T system?
• To what extent does the proposed project enhance, or leverage of, the applicant’s excellence in research, their leadership, and (where relevant) their ability to create benefits to the wider New Zealand SI&T system?

Successful applicants will have demonstrated a portfolio of outstanding research excellence, leadership, and benefits to the wider New Zealand SI&T system, while at the same time having proposed a project that will further allow them to demonstrate and/or expand on their leadership and make long-lasting contributions.

Each panel member will receive a PDF containing applications for their panel and a spreadsheet on which to record their grades. Panel members are asked to read and grade each of the two questions from information provided exclusively in the application. Panellists must grade all applications unless they have indicated a conflict of interest for a particular application as described in section below.

Scores should be completed and returned to Royal Society Te Apārangi no later than by 5pm on the date indicated in the timeline.

Royal Society Te Apārangi will collate the grades from the panellists to create a ranked list of applications, which will form the starting point for discussions at the panel meeting. At the meeting, the panel will have an opportunity to discuss the relative merit of the top ranked applications.

The role of the panel is to rank the applicants and recommend two candidates for funding. In doing so, the panel must be cognisant of the description and objectives of the Tāwhia te Mana Fellowships in general, and the New Zealand Mana Tūārangi Distinguished Researcher Fellowship in particular, including the aspiration to improve equity and diversity within the SI&T system.

The recommendations of the selection panel for successful applicants are ratified by Royal Society Te Apārangi.

Grading the questions

There are six scores available; 1 (Most outstanding) to 6 (Least convincing). Each panellist is asked to assign each of the two questions above, one of the six scores. In doing so, panel members should use the following target distribution as best as possible.

• Target distribution.

In the example above where 20 proposals are assessed, between 2 and 4 proposals should be assigned a score of 1 (the very best), between 3 and 5 proposals should be assigned a score of 2, between 4 and 6 proposals should be assigned a score of 3, and so on. Additional help to achieve the target distribution is provided in the score sheet.

Vision Mātauranga

Vision Mātauranga is a policy about innovation, opportunity and the creation of knowledge that highlights the potential contribution of Māori knowledge, resources and people. There are four themes:

• Indigenous Innovation, which involves contributing to economic growth through distinctive research and development;
• Taiao, which is concerned with achieving environmental sustainability through iwi and hapū relationships with land and sea;
• Hauora/Oranga, which centres around improving health and social wellbeing;
• Mātauranga, which involves exploring indigenous knowledge.

Alignment with Vision Mātauranga must be considered by all applicants. If an application has been marked as ‘Non Applicable’ to Vision Mātauranga, the applicant must provide a rationale for this decision.

Applications that align with one or more of the four themes, are given up to one additional page to describe their proposed research. This gives applicants an opportunity to more easily integrate Vision Mātauranga into the conceptual framework and/or research design of the proposed programme, for example, demonstration of consultation, linkages, outcomes or other relevant information. Alternatively, applicants may choose to gather all relevant Vision Mātauranga information under a separate relevant Vision Mātauranga heading under the Research Programme template, or use any combination of information across the template.

Panellists are asked to consider the quality of the Vision Mātauranga engagement (including reasoning for why engagement is not applicable) in their assessment.

Vision Mātauranga costs

If a proposal is aligned to Vision Mātauranga, the panel assessment may additionally consider costs associated with Vision Mātauranga capability development and engagement in the budget.

Examples include (but are not limited to):

• Research assistant time
• Student stipend support
• Costs of engagement or consultation (direct expenses). Examples could include: donation to the organisation or marae committee as a way of recognising expertise and contribution; koha; vouchers; providing resources such as books or research findings to the communities involved.
• Costs of dissemination (for example, hui) – direct expenses

For more information on Vision Mātauranga (i.e. guidance for applicants), please see Appendix I. For a glossary of commonly used Māori concepts, words and phrases commonly seen in Fellowship proposals, please see Appendix II.

Consideration of referee reports

Each applicant must solicit two referee reports for their proposal. At least one of the referees should be able to comment on their capability as a researcher. Where relevant, an applicant may choose to have one referee comment on other aspects important for their career as a researcher, e.g. working with communities, stakeholder relationships, demonstration of leadership, research service or any other aspects you see relevant.

Applicant-solicited referees are used for the assessment of proposals in conjunction with the selection criteria. Where referees disagree, the panel members must use their own judgement in determining which referee reports to emphasise and what score to assign. These deliberations should be guided by considerations such as; the panel member’s own level of expertise on the subject; the comments made by referees; the relative competencies of the referees; and, possible conflicts of interest. Applicants have been informed that referees should not be directly involved in the proposed programme of research or in the chain of line management of their proposed host department.

Referee reports will be treated as confidential by Royal Society Te Apārangi and are not made available to the applicants.

Sensitive issues | Ngā take tapu

Unconscious bias

Unconscious bias refers to a bias which we are unaware of, and which happens outside of our control. Royal Society Te Apārangi wants to ensure that this bias has minimal influence on funding recommendations being made by Society-appointed reviewers. The literature suggests that awareness of unconscious bias can limit the impact of this bias. We therefore encourage panellists to watch the short (3 minutes) introduction video below from the Royal Society London to familiarise/reacquaint yourself with the topic.

Royal Society London – Understanding unconscious bias

Some recommendations to blunt the impact of unconscious bias are to:

• Be prepared to recognise the impact of unconscious bias
• Deliberately slow down decision making
• Reconsider reasons for decisions
• Question cultural stereotypes.

The Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) recognises the need to improve the ways in which researchers and the outputs of scholarly research are evaluated. Therefore we encourage panellists to read the Rethinking Research Assessment - Unintended Cognitive and System Biases resource which is appended to these guidelines in Appendix III.

Please also feel free explore some of the additional resources below:

• https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/takeatest.html

Link to Harvard University implicit association tests (IAT) on unconscious bias in relation to Gender and Science, and Gender and Career.

• https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/inclusion-journey/learn

Short Microsoft eLesson course designed to help participants understand what unconscious bias is, how it works, and strategies to counter it in the workplace.

• http://kirwaninstitute.osu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/2017-SOTS-final-draft-02.pdf

“State of the Science: Implicit Bias Review” from Ohio State University’s Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity – this publication covers a wide range of issues relating to implicit or unconscious bias and general mitigation strategies.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CoIryqt2WcU&feature=youtu.be

Unconscious bias training prepared by the Tertiary Education Commission in 2018 for the Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF) assessment panels.

Privacy

Royal Society Te Apārangi has obligations under the Privacy Act to keep confidential certain information provided by individuals. Moreover, the records of deliberations by panels are regarded as strictly confidential; as are the contents of applications.

• Panel members should ensure the safe keeping of all applications and related confidential documents (for example, applications, referee reports, scoring spreadsheets or summaries).
• At the conclusion of the grading and panel meetings, members should leave documentation with Royal Society Te Apārangi staff and destroy any documentation remaining elsewhere.
• Panel members should not enter into correspondence or discussion of the contents of the applications with referees, third parties, or the applicants. Any necessary correspondence shall be addressed by the Secretariat of the Tāwhia te Mana Fellowship using the email address tawhia@royalsociety.org.nz.
• The intellectual property of the ideas and hypotheses put forward in the applications should be treated in strict confidence.

Conflicts of interest

Royal Society Te Apārangi takes the issue of conflicts of interest very seriously. A rigorous position is taken in order to maintain the credibility of the allocation process and to ensure that applications are subjected to fair and reasonable appraisal.

Royal Society Te Apārangi wants to ensure that the panel members are active researchers with an excellent background in research. As these researchers will invariably have connections with some applicants, conflicts of interest will arise. Where these occur for panel members, the following rules will apply.

• All conflicts of interest must be declared in writing to Royal Society Te Apārangi. Society staff will minute all conflicts of interest and actions taken.
• Where a panel member is a family member or close friend of any applicant(s), that person will not assess the proposal or interview the candidate and take no part in the consideration of that proposal. They will hear about the outcome of that proposal when official letters are sent to all applicants.
• If a panel member has an interest in an application, such as collaborating with an applicant or an applicant’s group, or is conflicted with the applicant* then that member shall not assess the proposal or interview the candidate.
• A panel member cannot be a referee for any applicant in the current funding round.
• If the Panel Chair has a conflict of interest then the duties of chairing the interview shall be passed to another panel member.

*A panel member is generally deemed to be conflicted if:

• They work in the same department as the applicant(s). Where the department is large and contact between the panel member and applicant(s) is minimal, the Chair may deem there to be no conflict.
• They work at the same CRI AND are in the same team as the applicant(s) (the level of conflict will depend on the size of the organisation).
• They work at the same company as the applicant(s). The level of conflict will depend on the size of the company.
• They have co-authored publications with the applicant(s) in the last 5 years.
• They have a low level of comfort assessing the application due to their relationship with the applicant(s).

Role of Royal Society Te Apārangi staff | Te mahi a ngā kaimahi a Te Apārangi

It is not the role of Society staff to make funding decisions. Rather, their role is one of facilitation of and “guardianship” over the assessment process, ensuring that the process is credible and defensible. To achieve this, staff will:

• organise all logistical aspects of the process
• assist the panellists in determining realistic timetables for meetings
• provide a framework for assessment
• record funding decisions
• record any conflicts of interest and identify problem areas
• convey funding decisions to applicants and their host organisations - all discussions related to a decision should occur through Society staff
• negotiate contract details with host institutions.

Timetable | Wātaka

Contact us | Whakapā mai

Please address enquiries by email to: tawhia@royalsociety.org.nz or phone: + 64 4 470 5764

Additional information on the Tāwhia te Mana Fellowships is available on our website.

Appendix I: Vision Mātauranga information for applicants

Āpitihanga I: Ngā kōrero mō Wawata Māori mā ngā kaitono

Vision Mātauranga is a policy about innovation, opportunity and the creation of knowledge that highlights the potential contribution of Māori knowledge, resources and people.

Applicants must identify which, if any, of the four Vision Mātauranga themes below are associated with the proposed research. If this is not applicable to your proposed research, you must tick N/A AND provide a brief rationale for this decision.

The four themes are:

• Indigenous Innovation, which involves contributing to economic growth through distinctive research and development
• Taiao, which is concerned with achieving environmental sustainability through iwi and hapū relationships with land and sea
• Hauora/Oranga, which centres around improving health and social wellbeing
• Mātauranga, which involves exploring indigenous knowledge.

Collection of the % contribution of each Vision Mātauranga theme to the proposed research will form part of our reporting obligations for the New Zealand Research Information System (NZRIS) (see “Changes” earlier). If you have ticked one or more Vision Mātauranga themes, please consider each theme one at a time. Indicate the proportion of the proposed research that aligns with that theme. It is possible for the combined total to be over 100% (for example, if the proposed research is entirely Mātauranga and also has a Hauora/Oranga theme, the contributions could be 100% and 10% respectively).

If one or more themes apply to your proposed research programme, up to one additional page will be available for the “Proposed Research” template of the application. This gives applicants an opportunity to more easily integrate Vision Mātauranga into the conceptual framework and/or research design of the proposed programme, for example, demonstration of consultation, linkages, outcomes or other relevant information. Alternatively, applicants may to choose to gather all relevant Vision Mātauranga information under a separate heading Vision Mātauranga heading or use a mix of entering the information where most relevant and at the same time using a separate Vision Mātauranga heading. Where Vision Mātauranga is appropriate to a proposal, it can contribute to the assessment of its overall excellence.

How do I decide whether my proposal aligns with Vision Mātauranga?

The five ways of conceptualising Vision Mātauranga in your research may help you decide if this applies to your project. The categories have been adapted from those on the National Science Challenge, Biological Heritage website https://bioheritage.nz/about-us/vision-matauranga/ hosted by Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research. Please note, however, that these categories are fluid. There may well be overlap between them as in categories b and c in terms of the nature and degree of relevance to Māori, and not every point in each category need apply. The original categories were set out by MBIE in information for the Endeavour Fund c. 2015.

Research with no specific Māori component

• No mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) is used.
• Māori are not associated with the research process (for example, not on any research management / advisory / governance panels, it is not inclusive of Māori land or institutions, nor the subject of any component of the research).
• Work is not likely to be of greater direct relevance to Māori than members of any other group.

Research specifically relevant to Māori

• There is specific relevance to Māori.
• Mātauranga Māori may be used in a minor way to guide the work and its relevance to Māori.
• It includes work that contributes to Māori aspirations and outcomes.

Research involving Māori

• Mātauranga Māori may be incorporated in the project, but is not central to the project.
• Research is specifically and directly relevant to Māori and Māori are involved in the design and/or undertaking of the research.
• The work typically contributes to Māori (for example, iwi, hapū, organisations) aspirations and outcomes.

Māori-centred research

• The project is Māori led, and where Mātauranga Māori is used alongside other knowledges (for example, through frameworks, models, methods, tools, etc…).
• Kaupapa Māori research is a key focus of the project.
• Research is typically collaborative or consultative, with direct input from Māori stakeholders.
• There is alignment with and contribution to Māori (for example, iwi, hapū, organisations) aspirations.

Kaupapa Māori research

• Mātauranga Māori is incorporated, used and understood, as a central focus of project and its findings.
• Research is grounded in te ao Māori and connected to Māori philosophies and principles.
• Research typically uses kaupapa Māori research methodologies.
• Te reo Māori may be a central feature to this kaupapa or research activity, and the applicant has medium to high cultural fluency or knowledge of tikanga and reo.
• The research is generally led by a Māori researcher; non-Indigenous researchers may carry out research under the guidance/mentoring of a Māori researcher.
• Māori participation (iwi/hapū/marae/individual) is high.
• The work contributes strongly to Māori (for example, iwi, hapū, organisations) aspirations and outcomes and is mana enhancing.

Developing a Vision Mātauranga statement

It is important to keep in mind that there is no single approach or prescription for Vision Mātauranga: one size does not fit all and there are many possible ways of addressing Vision Mātauranga. Vision Mātauranga should not, however, be seen as an add-on, nor should it be treated as separate from the research, methods or people involved in the project. A holistic approach that considers reciprocity and relationships is therefore desirable. It is also essential that any costs associated with Vision Mātauranga capability development and engagement are accounted for in the budget.

Vision Mātauranga does not begin and end with your Vision Mātauranga statement. You should document how you have considered Vision Mātauranga and demonstrate applicable actions and relationships throughout the research. The following questions may be useful to consider when conceptualising and writing your project:

• Have you co-created the research topic/issue with an iwi or Māori organisation?
• What does working in partnership with iwi mean to you as a researcher?
• To what extent have you discussed the research with Māori stakeholders and agreed on the methodology you will use?
• Was there full disclosure and informed consent to the proposed research with Māori stakeholders? How has that agreement/informed consent been agreed to?
• Has the budget been disclosed and agreed to with Māori partners? Is there provision in that budget for Māori involvement, capability development and consultation?
• What provisions have you made to ensure there is appropriate technology transfer to Māori stakeholders as the research proceeds and as findings become available towards the end of the project?
• Are there benefits to Māori? What are they? And how have these been agreed with Māori partners?
• How is the project an opportunity to build the capacity of Māori researchers or students in your discipline?
• How will you share the research outcomes with Māori?
• Has there been agreement about the intellectual property ownership of research findings with Māori partners? What is the nature of that agreement?
• Is there a need for members of the research team to be proficient in te reo? How has this aspect been addressed?
• Is there a Tiriti o Waitangi component or requirement in your research?
• Is the research mana enhancing?

Vision Mātauranga Resources

Below you will find a non-exhaustive list of published resources that describe, discuss, and talk about how researchers have engaged with Vision Mātauranga and kaupapa Māori research. These range from early conceptions of Vision Mātauranga to more recent frameworks. The resources underscore the diverse ways Vision Mātauranga may be approached across disciplines and methodologies.

For a glossary provided to panellists and referees of commonly used Māori concepts, words and phrases commonly seen in Fellowship proposals, please see Appendix II.

Allen, W., Jamie M. Ataria, J. M., Apgar, J. M., Harmsworth, G., and Tremblay, L. A. (2009). Kia pono te mahi putaiao—doing science in the right spirit. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 39:4, 239-242. DOI: 10.1080/03014220909510588

Crawford, S. (2009). Matauranga Maori and western science: The importance of hypotheses, predictions and protocols, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 39:4, 163-166. DOI: 10.1080/03014220909510571

Broughton, D. (Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti, Taranaki, Ngāti Porou, Ngāpuhi), and McBreen, K. (Waitaha, Kāti Māmoe, Ngāi Tahu). (2015). Mātauranga Māori, tino rangatiratanga and the future of New Zealand science. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 45:2, 83‑88. DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2015.1011171

Kana, F. and Tamatea, K. (2006). Sharing, listening, learning and developing understandings of Kaupapa Māori research by engaging with two Māori communities involved in education. Waikato Journal of Education, 12, 9-20. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/6198/Kana%20Sharing.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

Macfarlane, S., Macfarlane, A. and Gillon, G. (2015) Sharing the food baskets of knowledge: Creating space for a blending of streams. In A. Macfarlane, S. Macfarlane, M. Webber, (eds.), Sociocultural realities: Exploring new horizons. Christchurch: Canterbury University Press, 52-67.

Moewaka Barnes, H. (2006). Transforming Science: How our Structures Limit Innovation. Social Policy Journal of New Zealand Te Puna Whakaaro, 29, 1-16. https://www.msd.govt.nz/documents/about-msd-and-our-work/publications-resources/journals-and-magazines/social-policy-journal/spj29/29-pages-1-16.pdf

Pihama, L., Tiakiwai, S.-J., and Southey, K. (eds.). (2015). Kaupapa rangahau: A reader. A collection of readings from the Kaupapa Rangahau workshops series. (2nd ed.). Hamilton, New Zealand: Te Kotahi Research Institute. https://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10289/11738/Kaupapa%20Rangahau%20-%20A%20Reader_2nd%20Edition.pdf?sequence=7&isAllowed=y

Smith, L. T., Maxwell, T. K., Puke, H., and Temara, P. (2016). Indigenous knowledge, methodology and mayhem: What is the role of methodology in producing indigenous insights? A discussion from Mātauranga Māori. Knowledge Cultures, 4(3), 131–156. https://addletonacademicpublishers.com/component/content/article?id=2834:feature-article-indigenous-knowledge-methodology-and-mayhem-what-is-the-role-of-methodology-in-producing-indigenous-insights-a-discussion-from-matauranga-maori

Appendix II: Glossary of te reo Māori terms | Āpitihanga II: Papakupu o ngā kupu reo Māori

Definitions taken from maoridictionary.co.nz

Ka mihi ki a Ahorangi Angus Macfarlane, Te Whare Wānanga o Waitaha, mō tēnei. With thanks to Professor Angus Macfarlane, University of Canterbury, for his input.

Appendix III: DORA | Āpitihanga III: DORA

DORA